Vitalik: PeerDAS Successfully Achieves Ethereum Sharding in the Fusaka Upgrade, Will Focus on Optimizing Stability Over the Next Two Years

On December 4, Vitalik Buterin published a post celebrating the successful Ethereum Fusaka upgrade and noted that PeerDAS in the Fusaka upgrade has achieved sharding and data availability sampling: this has always been Ethereum’s dream. Although increasing blob capacity has enabled a secondary growth in transaction scale on Layer 2—with recent analyses suggesting L2 fees may drop by 40-60%—Layer 1 remains constrained until zero-knowledge EVMs mature, and distributed block building and sharded mempools are still needed. This marks a key evolution in blockchain scalability, filling a decade-long gap in the roadmap since Ethereum’s sharding vision in 2015. In the next two years, the focus will be on optimizing the stability of PeerDAS and scaling to L1 gas limits to achieve broader throughput.