Fusaka Brings True Sharding, Says Buterin

PeerDAS lets nodes verify tiny data fragments, delivering real sharding and boosting Ethereum’s transaction capacity.

Vitalik says scaling still needs mature ZK-EVMs, distributed block building, and a fully sharded mempool.

Fusaka supports rising demand as Ethereum handles 1.3–1.8M daily transactions and secures $73B in DeFi value.

The Fusaka upgrade officially activated on the Ethereum network yesterday. This followed its October deployment on the Hoodi testnet and involved core developers and researchers who introduced a new data system to improve transaction capacity. Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin explained why the change matters and outlined remaining gaps.

PeerDAS Becomes Central to Fusaka’s Design

The upgrade centers on EIP-7594, known as PeerDAS, which allows nodes to verify block data without downloading entire datasets. This method increases capacity while keeping security stable

Buterin described PeerDAS as “literally sharding,” noting that nodes now process only small fragments of data. He said Ethereum achieves consensus without requiring any node to view full block data, which improves efficiency.

His comments also linked the change to early research. He said sharding had been a goal since 2015, while data availability sampling first appeared in 2017. He said both concepts now exist in production. This leads into his broader explanation of what remains unfinished.

Three Areas Still Require Development

Buterin listed several missing components. He said L2 networks can process large batches of transactions under current limits, but Ethereum’s L1 cannot scale similarly without mature ZK-EVMs

He also said block builders still handle full data, which creates a bottleneck. A distributed building system, he noted, would improve this structure. Additionally, he said Ethereum lacks a sharded mempool, which developers still need to create.

These points set the stage for the coming work on PeerDAS. He said developers plan to refine the mechanism, expand its scale and monitor stability. This context leads to network-level metrics that highlight growing demand.

Network Capacity and Developer Response

Ethereum processes between 1.3 million and 1.8 million daily transactions, according to Etherscan. It also secures more than $73 billion in DeFi value. Developers aim for Fusaka to support these volumes while maintaining decentralization. Buterin repeated his remarks on X, where he congratulated researchers and developers for completing the implementation.

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